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The Policy Direction for National Implementation of SDGs in Maritime Sector
  • Issue Date 2018-10-31
  • Page 142
  • Price 7,000
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Ⅰ. Backgrounds and Purposes
 ▶ Background of the Study 
   ○ UN Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs) was adopted with 17 goals in September 2015, replacing the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) scheduled to expire in 2015.
    - Among 17 goals of SDGs, the Goal 14 relates to the marine, which 'conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources'. The Goal 14 pursues the conservation of marine environment, the balance between use and development of marine resources and sustainability. 
○ Regarding the means to implement the Goal 14, it is necessary to formulate implementation policy appropriate for Korea's situation.
  - The ocean has played the role of providing various goods and services and threats are increasing due to the pressure of use and development and the decrease of marine species.
  - In order to cope with threats such as ocean acidification, marine biodiversity loss and illegal fishing, the Goal 14 is introduced and it is appropriate to formulate implementation policy suitable for Korea's situation since every country has different circumstance. 
▶ Purpose of the study
○ To draw up the limitations of domestic policy and legal system designed to fulfill the Goal 14 of SDGs and to propose recommendations for policy and legal system, improving the implementation of the Goal 14.
 - To identify the significance and main content of the Goal 14 of SDGs and to explore the current status of progress and discussions for the implementation by the international community and major countries.
 - To analyze the current status and challenges of the domestic implementation policy and legal system related to the Goal 14 and to suggest options for better implementation.
 
Ⅱ. Major contents
▶ Significance and implementation indicators of SDGs in the marine sector
○ The Goal 14 of SDGs is a common goal for the international community to achieve by 2030 and is an important basis for the sustainable strategy for individual UN member states in their marine sector policies.
 - The UN sets 7 specific targets and 7 indicators for the Goal 14 of SDGs including prevention and reduction of marine pollution, enhancement of resilience of marine ecosystems and strengthening of scientific cooperation, minimization of marine acidification impacts, sustainable fisheries and IUU fishing eradication.  
▶ Implementation of the Goal 14 by the international community 
 ○ The UN High-level Ocean Conference was held in 2017 to discuss the implementation of the Goal 14 of SDGs. 
   - Three outcome documents were adopted by consensus: ① a declaration for action, ② a summary of partnership dialogue, and ③ a voluntary contribution list.
  ○ Major countries such as the United States, Japan, small island states, and African countries have made efforts to implement the Goal 14 of SDGs. 
   - The United States has established a system for implementing SDGs and has reviewed the implementation status of indicator for the Goal 14 of SDGs.  
   - Japan has made efforts to achieve SDGs by establishing governance at the government level and managing oceans together with biodiversity and forestry from the perspective of environment conservation.   
   - The small island countries and African countries have pursued policies and implemented the Goal 14 of SDGs through establishing regional partnerships, and also have carried out policies closely linked between the management of marine environment and ecosystem and climate change.
▶ Domestic policies and laws on marine SDGs 
 ○ In order to implement the Goal 14 of SDGs, the Korean government have established K-SDGs, has revised the detailed objectives and indicators of UN SDGs and added 8 indicators in accordance with the domestic circumstances. 
 ○ The Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries(MOF) is responsible for establishing the relevant policies for achieving the Goal 14 of SDGs.
   - MOF has carried out policies for implementing SDGs regarding marine pollution management system, management of marine ecosystem and habitat for fisheries resources, and the sustainable management of fishery resources, based on the laws to deal with the preservation of the marine environment and marine ecosystem, sustainable management of fishery resources and proper support of small-scale fisheries. 
▶ Recommendations to promote the implementation of the Goal 14 of SDGs 
○ It is necessary to preserve the marine environment and marine ecosystem through precautionary marine litter management policies and systemic restoration of marine ecosystems.
   - Need to shift the policy towards prevention, which progressively blocks the inflow of pollution from land into the ocean.
   - Need to systematically manage and restore the marine ecosystem through ecosystem-based marine spatial planning and tidal-flat ecosystem restoration projects.
   - Need to identify the causes of changes in the marine ecosystem from ocean acidification and to minimize the impact of ocean acidification by developing technologies for preventing acidification in coastal waters.
○ It is necessary to manage fisheries resources sustainably and secure adequate support for small-scale fishermen by securing connectivity between fisheries resource habitat management policies and marine ecosystem policies, and promoting integrated fisheries policies.
   - The improvement is required for the management policy of marine resources habitat since there exists lack of connectivity to marine ecosystem policy.
   - As for the fisheries policy, a mutually supportive and integrated approach is necessary since various policies have been pursued at the same time.  
○ In order to strengthen the international cooperation projects with developing countries, it is necessary to establish an information sharing system to check the status of the support projects, so as to facilitate the marine science and technology cooperation and to support developing countries.
   - Need to mobilize legal and policy support for strengthening international cooperation projects with developing countries.
   - Through an information sharing system, cooperative projects appropriate for the needs of individual developing countries can be identified and conducted.  
 
Ⅲ. Expected Effect
○ This study can suggest policy and legislative recommendations for improving and facilitating the implementation of the Goal 14 of SDGs and can become the useful reference for relevant study and policy formulation by analyzing the limitations and challenges of the domestic situation designed to implement the Goal 14 of SDGs. 
○ This study also can play a role as a means to systematically and efficiently achieve the implementation of the Goal 14 of SDGs by examining the implementation status of the Goal 14 based on detailed government data related to the maritime sector and presenting future directions for implementation.